Institutions: stronger veterinary services for better governance.

Veterinary Services (VS) as defined by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) are institutions that can have varied structures, from the centralised to the completely decentralised, with ranges in between these two extremes. The VS include a broad range of public and civil society organisations and actors whose shared purpose is to deliver animal health services, and the interactions of these actors are governed by a range of formal and informal rules. The range of essential services to be carried out by the VS is laid out in the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code, which also provides certain key definitions. To provide these services, there must be strong institutions, as these are key elements of good governance. This, in turn, enhances the efficient provision of global public goods and services to the citizens. Therefore, the VS must be properly resourced and structured to carry out all their tasks. This paper highlights some important factors that can help achieve this goal and discusses possible VS administrative structures, human and financial resources, and national systems for the early detection and notification of disease events as well as those for disease prevention. These are essential elements of the public good functions of VS and they warrant prioritisation by OIE Member Countries.